Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Carrier free oral Co-delivery of atorvastatin via baicalein-copper-network for atherosclerosis therapy through senescence reversal and multi-mechanistic synergy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.036

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of CMA on oxLDL uptake and foam cell formation in macrophages. (A) Optical microscopy images of RAW264.7 macrophages stained with Oil Red O (ORO) for lipid visualization. Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of RAW264.7 cells incubated with DiI-oxLDL. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Scale bar = 10 μm. (C) Flow cytometric analysis of the positive rate of DiI-oxLDL uptake in RAW264.7 cells. (D) Flow cytometric analysis of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of DiI-oxLDL uptake in RAW264.7 cells. (E) Quantified total cholesterol (TCHO) content in foam cells derived from RAW264.7 cells. (F) Representative immunoblots showing protein expression levels of PPAR-γ, LXR-α, and ABCA-1. (G) Densitometric analysis of PPAR-γ, LXR-α, and ABCA-1 protein expression normalized to loading control, performed using ImageJ software. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3–6). ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001 vs. Control; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: A three-color prestained protein molecular marker (EC0020) was purchased from Shandong Sparkjade Biotechnology Co., Ltd. LXR-α antibody was purchased from MedChemExpress.

Techniques: Microscopy, Staining, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Incubation, Fluorescence, Derivative Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Control, Software

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Carrier free oral Co-delivery of atorvastatin via baicalein-copper-network for atherosclerosis therapy through senescence reversal and multi-mechanistic synergy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.036

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of CMA on oxLDL uptake and foam cell formation in macrophages. (A) Optical microscopy images of RAW264.7 macrophages stained with Oil Red O (ORO) for lipid visualization. Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of RAW264.7 cells incubated with DiI-oxLDL. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Scale bar = 10 μm. (C) Flow cytometric analysis of the positive rate of DiI-oxLDL uptake in RAW264.7 cells. (D) Flow cytometric analysis of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of DiI-oxLDL uptake in RAW264.7 cells. (E) Quantified total cholesterol (TCHO) content in foam cells derived from RAW264.7 cells. (F) Representative immunoblots showing protein expression levels of PPAR-γ, LXR-α, and ABCA-1. (G) Densitometric analysis of PPAR-γ, LXR-α, and ABCA-1 protein expression normalized to loading control, performed using ImageJ software. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3–6). ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001 vs. Control; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: After three 10-min washes with TBST, membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against PPAR-γ (1:2000, Beyotime, AF7797), LXR-α (1:5000, MCE, HY- P80423 ), or ABCA-1 (1:1000, Abcam, ab307534).

Techniques: Microscopy, Staining, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Incubation, Fluorescence, Derivative Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Control, Software

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A large puncture closer of aortic wall by multi-memory actions with thrombo-hemodynamic control

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.042

Figure Lengend Snippet: 18 Fr puncture of hemostasis in porcine aorta using VWP by validating the memory programming effect of each part. a, As a challenging model for application of large-diameter catheters, i) an 18 Fr (6 mm) puncture is created into the porcine thoracic aorta (diameter: 10 mm) so that the size-matched VWP is deployed, followed by measuring proximal and distal blood pressure. ii) The experimental groups are designed first to exam the memory programming effect of collaboration between Ring squeezing with Body expansion on self-locking (SL) to enable efficient hemostasis. Next, the effect of Wing shape recovery from curve to flat is examined on hemodynamic control (HC) in cooperation with the actions of Body and Ring to handle hemostasis. No recovery of Wing shape is expected to induce excessive thrombosis. iii) Four experimental groups are established using a total of 12 pigs (N = 12) with immediate sacrifice following deployment (N = 3 each). Group 1 [SL(−) HC(−)] represents no memory programming. Group 2 [SL(+) w/flat Wing] has the effects of Body and Ring actions except the hemostatic sealing by keeping the flat Wing. Group 3 [SL(+) HC(+)] possesses the complete memory effects of the three parts. Group 4 [SL(+) w/bump Wing] is expected to have excessive thrombosis because of no shape recovery from the curved Wing while maintaining the memory actions of Body and Wing. b, Each group is visually explained in the illustrations. c , In VWP actions, (left) the bleeding condition preserves the normal sinusoidal waveform of high proximal pressure (green) in contrast to the disturbed waveform of low distal pressure (red). (middle) Hemostatic closure results in similar high sinusoidal waveform at both pressure sites. (right) Excessive thrombosis does not disturb the waveform, but the distal pressure level becomes lower than the proximal one. d, When reperfusion starts by removing the clamp post-deployment (blue), only Group 3 [SL(+) HC(+)] reaches the hemostatic closure, as evidenced by flow stabilization (red) with a 5 s plateau at both pressure sites. Group 4 [SL(+) w/bump Wing] exhibits the pattern of over-thrombosis. e, H&E images show bleeding in Group 1 as an indication of incomplete closure in contrast to moderate, minimal, and dense thrombotic features observed in Group 2, 3, and 4 respectively as further supported by the signals of activated platelets (green, CD41-positive) and fibrinogen (red) [Scale bars = 0.5 mm (4 mm in box)]. f, Compared to Group 1 [SL(−) HC(−)] and 2 [SL(+) w/flat Wing], Group 3 [SL(+) HC(+)] shows the fastest i) hemostasis and ii) arterial pressure equilibration, indicating the most efficient hemostatic response. g, These outcomes in Group 3 include i) the smallest difference between the proximal and distal pressures with ii) the smallest thrombus area in contrast the largest area of Group 4 [SL(+) w/bump Wing] as an indication of excessive thrombosis. h , The marker gene expression of thrombotic feature (vWF, PF-4, and P-sel) significantly increases from Group 2 to Group 3 and further to Group 4 except the comparison of vWF expression between Group 2 and 3 (ns: no significance). Data are shown as mean ± SD, N = 3 biologically independent animals per group. Significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's test between groups.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against CD41 (1:100, 24552-1-AP, proteintech), fibrinogen (1:100, ab232793, Abcam), CD31 (1:100, sc-376764, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), CD68 (1:100, ab125212, Abcam), and ARG-1 (1:200, LS-C447907, LSBio) were applied overnight at 4°C.

Techniques: Control, Marker, Gene Expression, Comparison, Expressing

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Mossy-textured hydroxyapatite-modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres promote collagen regeneration via calcium/TGF-β and chemokine signaling pathways in soft tissue augmentation

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.028

Figure Lengend Snippet: The regulatory effects of CaHA/PLGA microspheres on macrophages and ADSCs in vitro. (A, B) CLSM images and RFI of CD86 and CD206 expression in RAW264.7 cells co-cultured with microspheres for 2 days (n = 3). (C–F) Relative mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related genes TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β1, and FGF-2 in RAW264.7 cells (n = 3). (G, H) Sirius red staining images and quantitative analysis (n = 3) of collagen deposition of ADSCs co-cultured with CaHA/PLGA microspheres for 3 and 7 days. (I–K) Relative mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1, FGF-2, and PDGF-A in ADSCs after 3 and 7 days of co-culture with CaHA/PLGA microspheres (n = 3). ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns , not significant.

Article Snippet: CD86 polyclonal antibody (1:200, 13395-1-AP, Proteintech), CD206 (1:200, 18704-1-AP, Proteintech), and TNF-α recombinant antibody (1:200, 80258-6-RR, Proteintech) were used as primary antibodies, incubated overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: In Vitro, Expressing, Cell Culture, Staining, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Mossy-textured hydroxyapatite-modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres promote collagen regeneration via calcium/TGF-β and chemokine signaling pathways in soft tissue augmentation

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.028

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of soft tissue filling and inflammatory response in rats. (A, B) Schematic diagram of the soft tissue filling experiment and injection sites, with at least 2 cm spacing between sites. (C) Photographs of subcutaneous soft tissue filling at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The white circles indicate the soft tissue filling areas. (D) H&E staining of the filled sites. (E, F) Immunofluorescence images and RFI of TNF-α and TGF-β expression at 2 weeks post-filling (n = 6). (G, H) Immunofluorescence images and RFI of CD86 and CD206 expression at 2 weeks post-filling (n = 6). ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns , not significant.

Article Snippet: CD86 polyclonal antibody (1:200, 13395-1-AP, Proteintech), CD206 (1:200, 18704-1-AP, Proteintech), and TNF-α recombinant antibody (1:200, 80258-6-RR, Proteintech) were used as primary antibodies, incubated overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Injection, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Expressing